Europe has recorded its most intense West Nile virus season to date, with the mosquito-borne disease spreading into previously unaffected territories, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) warned on Thursday.
European Union countries have reported 1,715 locally acquired human cases of West Nile virus infection — the highest figure ever recorded — along with 130 deaths, according to data compiled as of 7 October. Some of those cases emerged in regions that had never previously reported local transmission.
Virus Reaches New Northern Territories
The ECDC said recent detections in both people and animals in Belgium and the Netherlands demonstrate that the virus is now circulating further north, a trend the agency expects to continue in the years ahead.
The Netherlands has reported 59 human cases so far this year, while Belgium has recorded 15 — the first locally acquired human infections ever documented in the country.
Italy remains the most affected nation, with 748 cases. Greece and France followed with 445 and 144 cases respectively, both marking their highest numbers of human infections ever recorded.
Cross-Sector Approach Deemed Essential
“West Nile virus is a clear example of why a cross-sector approach is essential,” said Céline Gossner, senior expert at the ECDC.
“The virus circulates between mosquitoes and birds and can cause disease in people and horses, so no single sector can address the risk alone,” she added.
Despite the rising case count, the ECDC noted that severity has not increased. The proportion of patients who died, required hospitalisation or developed neurological symptoms remains in line with the previous decade.
Call for Stronger Preparedness
As the virus expands across the continent and more people are exposed, the ECDC is urging stronger preparedness measures.
“The occurrence of West Nile virus varies considerably from year to year and is difficult to predict, but what we can do is ensure we’re prepared,” said Ole Heuer, Head of Unit at the ECDC.
“Earlier detection, greater awareness and effective mosquito control can help us reduce the impact of the virus as it spreads to new areas.”
No licensed vaccine exists for humans, and treatment is limited to managing symptoms and providing supportive hospital care in severe cases.
Protecting Those Most at Risk
Authorities recommend mosquito repellent, loose-fitting long clothing, window screens, mosquito nets and air conditioning to reduce exposure in affected areas.
Protection is particularly important for older adults and people with weakened immune systems, who face a greater risk of developing severe symptoms.
